Review



rotarod treadmill  (Med Associates Inc)


Bioz Verified Symbol Med Associates Inc is a verified supplier
Bioz Manufacturer Symbol Med Associates Inc manufactures this product  
  • Logo
  • About
  • News
  • Press Release
  • Team
  • Advisors
  • Partners
  • Contact
  • Bioz Stars
  • Bioz vStars
    • 96
      Buy from Supplier

    Structured Review

    Med Associates Inc rotarod treadmill
    Rotarod Treadmill, supplied by Med Associates Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1035 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/rota-rod/Rota-Rod/pmc13099944-117-1-3
    Average 96 stars, based on 1035 article reviews
    rotarod treadmill - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    96/100 stars

    Images

    Related Articles

    Activity Assay:

    Article Title: The GPCR Smoothened on cholinergic interneurons modulates dopamine-associated acetylcholine dynamics, learning, and effort management
    Article Snippet: t identified as the Post-Event Dip). Animal-level averages were then produced for each tier. Trials were conducted in a room with low ambient light and noise using a five-lane mouse rotarod (ENV-574M; Med Associates) programmed to accelerate linearly from 4 to 40 RPM over 300 seconds (preset speed setting #9). After reaching top speed, the trial continued for an additional 400 seconds to assess sus

    Mouse Assay:

    Article Title: The GPCR Smoothened on cholinergic interneurons modulates dopamine-associated acetylcholine dynamics, learning, and effort management
    Article Snippet: t identified as the Post-Event Dip). Animal-level averages were then produced for each tier. Trials were conducted in a room with low ambient light and noise using a five-lane mouse rotarod (ENV-574M; Med Associates) programmed to accelerate linearly from 4 to 40 RPM over 300 seconds (preset speed setting #9). After reaching top speed, the trial continued for an additional 400 seconds to assess sus

    Software:

    Article Title: The GPCR Smoothened on cholinergic interneurons modulates dopamine-associated acetylcholine dynamics, learning, and effort management
    Article Snippet: t identified as the Post-Event Dip). Animal-level averages were then produced for each tier. Trials were conducted in a room with low ambient light and noise using a five-lane mouse rotarod (ENV-574M; Med Associates) programmed to accelerate linearly from 4 to 40 RPM over 300 seconds (preset speed setting #9). After reaching top speed, the trial continued for an additional 400 seconds to assess sus

    Stable Transfection:

    Article Title: The GPCR Smoothened on cholinergic interneurons modulates dopamine-associated acetylcholine dynamics, learning, and effort management
    Article Snippet: t identified as the Post-Event Dip). Animal-level averages were then produced for each tier. Trials were conducted in a room with low ambient light and noise using a five-lane mouse rotarod (ENV-574M; Med Associates) programmed to accelerate linearly from 4 to 40 RPM over 300 seconds (preset speed setting #9). After reaching top speed, the trial continued for an additional 400 seconds to assess sus

    Expressing:

    Article Title: The GPCR Smoothened on cholinergic interneurons modulates dopamine-associated acetylcholine dynamics, learning, and effort management
    Article Snippet: t identified as the Post-Event Dip). Animal-level averages were then produced for each tier. Trials were conducted in a room with low ambient light and noise using a five-lane mouse rotarod (ENV-574M; Med Associates) programmed to accelerate linearly from 4 to 40 RPM over 300 seconds (preset speed setting #9). After reaching top speed, the trial continued for an additional 400 seconds to assess sus



    Similar Products

    rotarod treadmill  (Med Associates Inc)
    96
    Med Associates Inc rotarod treadmill
    Rotarod Treadmill, supplied by Med Associates Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/rota-rod/Rota-Rod/pmc13099944-117-1-3
    Average 96 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    rotarod treadmill - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    96/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier
    rotarod  (Stoelting inc)
    94
    Stoelting inc rotarod
    Rotarod, supplied by Stoelting inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/rota-rod/Ugo+Basile+Mouse+Rota-Rod/pm42732029-413-6-8
    Average 94 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    rotarod - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    94/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier
    five lane mouse rotarod  (Med Associates Inc)
    96
    Med Associates Inc five lane mouse rotarod
    Smo bidirectionally impacts motor learning (A) Structure of individual <t>rotarod</t> trials, performed 10 times per day. (B) Average latency to fall ( top ) and best-fit performance curves to criterion ( middle and bottom ) for Smo L/L :ChATCre +/− ( left, bottom ) and SmoM2 C/- :ChATCre +/− ( right, bottom ) versus respective controls (middle). (C) Average slope of individual best-fit performance curves for Smo L/L :ChATCre +/− and control mice ( n = 8 per genotype; Shapiro-Wilk test indicated lack of normality, p < 0.01; Mann-Whitney U test, p > 0.05). (D) Average number of days to reach criterion for Smo L/L :ChATCre +/− and control mice ( n = 8 per genotype; Brown-Forsythe test indicated unequal variances, p < 0.01; Welch-corrected unpaired two-tailed t test, ∗ p < 0.05). (E) Average slope of individual best-fit performance curves for SmoM2 C/- :ChATCre +/− and control mice ( n = 9–10 per genotype; F test indicated unequal variances, p < 0.01; Welch-corrected unpaired two-tailed t test, p > 0.05). (F) Average number of days to reach criterion for SmoM2 C/- :ChATCre +/− and control mice ( n = 9–10 per genotype; Shapiro-Wilk test indicated lack of normality, p < 0.01; Mann-Whitney U test, p > 0.05). (G) Slope comparison between control mouse strains ( n = 8–9 per strain; Shapiro-Wilk test indicated lack of normality, p < 0.01; Mann-Whitney U test, p > 0.05). (H) Best-fit slopes normalized to background strain ( n = 8–17 per genotype; Shapiro-Wilk test indicated lack of normality, p < 0.01; Kruskal-Wallis test, ∗ p < 0.05; post hoc Dunn’s multiple comparisons test: ∗ p < 0.05). (I) Average latency to fall post-criterion, normalized to background strain ( n = 8–17 per genotype; one-way ANOVA: main effect, F(2, 26) = 1.36, p > 0.05).
    Five Lane Mouse Rotarod, supplied by Med Associates Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/rota-rod/Rota-Rod/pmc13122704-439-14-18
    Average 96 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    five lane mouse rotarod - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    96/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier
    rota-rod  (Med Associates Inc)
    96
    Med Associates Inc rota-rod
    Smo bidirectionally impacts motor learning (A) Structure of individual <t>rotarod</t> trials, performed 10 times per day. (B) Average latency to fall ( top ) and best-fit performance curves to criterion ( middle and bottom ) for Smo L/L :ChATCre +/− ( left, bottom ) and SmoM2 C/- :ChATCre +/− ( right, bottom ) versus respective controls (middle). (C) Average slope of individual best-fit performance curves for Smo L/L :ChATCre +/− and control mice ( n = 8 per genotype; Shapiro-Wilk test indicated lack of normality, p < 0.01; Mann-Whitney U test, p > 0.05). (D) Average number of days to reach criterion for Smo L/L :ChATCre +/− and control mice ( n = 8 per genotype; Brown-Forsythe test indicated unequal variances, p < 0.01; Welch-corrected unpaired two-tailed t test, ∗ p < 0.05). (E) Average slope of individual best-fit performance curves for SmoM2 C/- :ChATCre +/− and control mice ( n = 9–10 per genotype; F test indicated unequal variances, p < 0.01; Welch-corrected unpaired two-tailed t test, p > 0.05). (F) Average number of days to reach criterion for SmoM2 C/- :ChATCre +/− and control mice ( n = 9–10 per genotype; Shapiro-Wilk test indicated lack of normality, p < 0.01; Mann-Whitney U test, p > 0.05). (G) Slope comparison between control mouse strains ( n = 8–9 per strain; Shapiro-Wilk test indicated lack of normality, p < 0.01; Mann-Whitney U test, p > 0.05). (H) Best-fit slopes normalized to background strain ( n = 8–17 per genotype; Shapiro-Wilk test indicated lack of normality, p < 0.01; Kruskal-Wallis test, ∗ p < 0.05; post hoc Dunn’s multiple comparisons test: ∗ p < 0.05). (I) Average latency to fall post-criterion, normalized to background strain ( n = 8–17 per genotype; one-way ANOVA: main effect, F(2, 26) = 1.36, p > 0.05).
    Rota Rod, supplied by Med Associates Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/rota-rod/Rota-Rod/custom%40env-574m%4042058902
    Average 96 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    rota-rod - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    96/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier
    ambient light  (Med Associates Inc)
    96
    Med Associates Inc ambient light
    Smo bidirectionally impacts motor learning (A) Structure of individual <t>rotarod</t> trials, performed 10 times per day. (B) Average latency to fall ( top ) and best-fit performance curves to criterion ( middle and bottom ) for Smo L/L :ChATCre +/− ( left, bottom ) and SmoM2 C/- :ChATCre +/− ( right, bottom ) versus respective controls (middle). (C) Average slope of individual best-fit performance curves for Smo L/L :ChATCre +/− and control mice ( n = 8 per genotype; Shapiro-Wilk test indicated lack of normality, p < 0.01; Mann-Whitney U test, p > 0.05). (D) Average number of days to reach criterion for Smo L/L :ChATCre +/− and control mice ( n = 8 per genotype; Brown-Forsythe test indicated unequal variances, p < 0.01; Welch-corrected unpaired two-tailed t test, ∗ p < 0.05). (E) Average slope of individual best-fit performance curves for SmoM2 C/- :ChATCre +/− and control mice ( n = 9–10 per genotype; F test indicated unequal variances, p < 0.01; Welch-corrected unpaired two-tailed t test, p > 0.05). (F) Average number of days to reach criterion for SmoM2 C/- :ChATCre +/− and control mice ( n = 9–10 per genotype; Shapiro-Wilk test indicated lack of normality, p < 0.01; Mann-Whitney U test, p > 0.05). (G) Slope comparison between control mouse strains ( n = 8–9 per strain; Shapiro-Wilk test indicated lack of normality, p < 0.01; Mann-Whitney U test, p > 0.05). (H) Best-fit slopes normalized to background strain ( n = 8–17 per genotype; Shapiro-Wilk test indicated lack of normality, p < 0.01; Kruskal-Wallis test, ∗ p < 0.05; post hoc Dunn’s multiple comparisons test: ∗ p < 0.05). (I) Average latency to fall post-criterion, normalized to background strain ( n = 8–17 per genotype; one-way ANOVA: main effect, F(2, 26) = 1.36, p > 0.05).
    Ambient Light, supplied by Med Associates Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/rota-rod/Rota-Rod/pmc13122704-439-8-18
    Average 96 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    ambient light - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    96/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier
    rotarod test  (Med Associates Inc)
    96
    Med Associates Inc rotarod test
    Smo bidirectionally impacts motor learning (A) Structure of individual <t>rotarod</t> trials, performed 10 times per day. (B) Average latency to fall ( top ) and best-fit performance curves to criterion ( middle and bottom ) for Smo L/L :ChATCre +/− ( left, bottom ) and SmoM2 C/- :ChATCre +/− ( right, bottom ) versus respective controls (middle). (C) Average slope of individual best-fit performance curves for Smo L/L :ChATCre +/− and control mice ( n = 8 per genotype; Shapiro-Wilk test indicated lack of normality, p < 0.01; Mann-Whitney U test, p > 0.05). (D) Average number of days to reach criterion for Smo L/L :ChATCre +/− and control mice ( n = 8 per genotype; Brown-Forsythe test indicated unequal variances, p < 0.01; Welch-corrected unpaired two-tailed t test, ∗ p < 0.05). (E) Average slope of individual best-fit performance curves for SmoM2 C/- :ChATCre +/− and control mice ( n = 9–10 per genotype; F test indicated unequal variances, p < 0.01; Welch-corrected unpaired two-tailed t test, p > 0.05). (F) Average number of days to reach criterion for SmoM2 C/- :ChATCre +/− and control mice ( n = 9–10 per genotype; Shapiro-Wilk test indicated lack of normality, p < 0.01; Mann-Whitney U test, p > 0.05). (G) Slope comparison between control mouse strains ( n = 8–9 per strain; Shapiro-Wilk test indicated lack of normality, p < 0.01; Mann-Whitney U test, p > 0.05). (H) Best-fit slopes normalized to background strain ( n = 8–17 per genotype; Shapiro-Wilk test indicated lack of normality, p < 0.01; Kruskal-Wallis test, ∗ p < 0.05; post hoc Dunn’s multiple comparisons test: ∗ p < 0.05). (I) Average latency to fall post-criterion, normalized to background strain ( n = 8–17 per genotype; one-way ANOVA: main effect, F(2, 26) = 1.36, p > 0.05).
    Rotarod Test, supplied by Med Associates Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/rota-rod/Rota-Rod/pm42035500-219-2-8
    Average 96 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    rotarod test - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    96/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier
    rota rod test system  (Panlab)
    86
    Panlab rota rod test system
    Smo bidirectionally impacts motor learning (A) Structure of individual <t>rotarod</t> trials, performed 10 times per day. (B) Average latency to fall ( top ) and best-fit performance curves to criterion ( middle and bottom ) for Smo L/L :ChATCre +/− ( left, bottom ) and SmoM2 C/- :ChATCre +/− ( right, bottom ) versus respective controls (middle). (C) Average slope of individual best-fit performance curves for Smo L/L :ChATCre +/− and control mice ( n = 8 per genotype; Shapiro-Wilk test indicated lack of normality, p < 0.01; Mann-Whitney U test, p > 0.05). (D) Average number of days to reach criterion for Smo L/L :ChATCre +/− and control mice ( n = 8 per genotype; Brown-Forsythe test indicated unequal variances, p < 0.01; Welch-corrected unpaired two-tailed t test, ∗ p < 0.05). (E) Average slope of individual best-fit performance curves for SmoM2 C/- :ChATCre +/− and control mice ( n = 9–10 per genotype; F test indicated unequal variances, p < 0.01; Welch-corrected unpaired two-tailed t test, p > 0.05). (F) Average number of days to reach criterion for SmoM2 C/- :ChATCre +/− and control mice ( n = 9–10 per genotype; Shapiro-Wilk test indicated lack of normality, p < 0.01; Mann-Whitney U test, p > 0.05). (G) Slope comparison between control mouse strains ( n = 8–9 per strain; Shapiro-Wilk test indicated lack of normality, p < 0.01; Mann-Whitney U test, p > 0.05). (H) Best-fit slopes normalized to background strain ( n = 8–17 per genotype; Shapiro-Wilk test indicated lack of normality, p < 0.01; Kruskal-Wallis test, ∗ p < 0.05; post hoc Dunn’s multiple comparisons test: ∗ p < 0.05). (I) Average latency to fall post-criterion, normalized to background strain ( n = 8–17 per genotype; one-way ANOVA: main effect, F(2, 26) = 1.36, p > 0.05).
    Rota Rod Test System, supplied by Panlab, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/rota-rod/das+f%C3%BCr+produkt+rod+rota+standard/10__4252_slash_wjsc__v18__i4__117707-89-10-13
    Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    rota rod test system - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    86/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier
    rotarod apparatus  (Med Associates Inc)
    96
    Med Associates Inc rotarod apparatus
    Smo bidirectionally impacts motor learning (A) Structure of individual <t>rotarod</t> trials, performed 10 times per day. (B) Average latency to fall ( top ) and best-fit performance curves to criterion ( middle and bottom ) for Smo L/L :ChATCre +/− ( left, bottom ) and SmoM2 C/- :ChATCre +/− ( right, bottom ) versus respective controls (middle). (C) Average slope of individual best-fit performance curves for Smo L/L :ChATCre +/− and control mice ( n = 8 per genotype; Shapiro-Wilk test indicated lack of normality, p < 0.01; Mann-Whitney U test, p > 0.05). (D) Average number of days to reach criterion for Smo L/L :ChATCre +/− and control mice ( n = 8 per genotype; Brown-Forsythe test indicated unequal variances, p < 0.01; Welch-corrected unpaired two-tailed t test, ∗ p < 0.05). (E) Average slope of individual best-fit performance curves for SmoM2 C/- :ChATCre +/− and control mice ( n = 9–10 per genotype; F test indicated unequal variances, p < 0.01; Welch-corrected unpaired two-tailed t test, p > 0.05). (F) Average number of days to reach criterion for SmoM2 C/- :ChATCre +/− and control mice ( n = 9–10 per genotype; Shapiro-Wilk test indicated lack of normality, p < 0.01; Mann-Whitney U test, p > 0.05). (G) Slope comparison between control mouse strains ( n = 8–9 per strain; Shapiro-Wilk test indicated lack of normality, p < 0.01; Mann-Whitney U test, p > 0.05). (H) Best-fit slopes normalized to background strain ( n = 8–17 per genotype; Shapiro-Wilk test indicated lack of normality, p < 0.01; Kruskal-Wallis test, ∗ p < 0.05; post hoc Dunn’s multiple comparisons test: ∗ p < 0.05). (I) Average latency to fall post-criterion, normalized to background strain ( n = 8–17 per genotype; one-way ANOVA: main effect, F(2, 26) = 1.36, p > 0.05).
    Rotarod Apparatus, supplied by Med Associates Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/rota-rod/Rota-Rod/pm41984504-78-2-4
    Average 96 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    rotarod apparatus - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    96/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier
    ugo basile mouse rota rod  (Stoelting inc)
    94
    Stoelting inc ugo basile mouse rota rod
    Smo bidirectionally impacts motor learning (A) Structure of individual <t>rotarod</t> trials, performed 10 times per day. (B) Average latency to fall ( top ) and best-fit performance curves to criterion ( middle and bottom ) for Smo L/L :ChATCre +/− ( left, bottom ) and SmoM2 C/- :ChATCre +/− ( right, bottom ) versus respective controls (middle). (C) Average slope of individual best-fit performance curves for Smo L/L :ChATCre +/− and control mice ( n = 8 per genotype; Shapiro-Wilk test indicated lack of normality, p < 0.01; Mann-Whitney U test, p > 0.05). (D) Average number of days to reach criterion for Smo L/L :ChATCre +/− and control mice ( n = 8 per genotype; Brown-Forsythe test indicated unequal variances, p < 0.01; Welch-corrected unpaired two-tailed t test, ∗ p < 0.05). (E) Average slope of individual best-fit performance curves for SmoM2 C/- :ChATCre +/− and control mice ( n = 9–10 per genotype; F test indicated unequal variances, p < 0.01; Welch-corrected unpaired two-tailed t test, p > 0.05). (F) Average number of days to reach criterion for SmoM2 C/- :ChATCre +/− and control mice ( n = 9–10 per genotype; Shapiro-Wilk test indicated lack of normality, p < 0.01; Mann-Whitney U test, p > 0.05). (G) Slope comparison between control mouse strains ( n = 8–9 per strain; Shapiro-Wilk test indicated lack of normality, p < 0.01; Mann-Whitney U test, p > 0.05). (H) Best-fit slopes normalized to background strain ( n = 8–17 per genotype; Shapiro-Wilk test indicated lack of normality, p < 0.01; Kruskal-Wallis test, ∗ p < 0.05; post hoc Dunn’s multiple comparisons test: ∗ p < 0.05). (I) Average latency to fall post-criterion, normalized to background strain ( n = 8–17 per genotype; one-way ANOVA: main effect, F(2, 26) = 1.36, p > 0.05).
    Ugo Basile Mouse Rota Rod, supplied by Stoelting inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/rota-rod/Ugo+Basile+Mouse+Rota-Rod/us12594323-1015-2-6
    Average 94 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    ugo basile mouse rota rod - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    94/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier
    rotarod  (Med Associates Inc)
    96
    Med Associates Inc rotarod
    Smo bidirectionally impacts motor learning (A) Structure of individual <t>rotarod</t> trials, performed 10 times per day. (B) Average latency to fall ( top ) and best-fit performance curves to criterion ( middle and bottom ) for Smo L/L :ChATCre +/− ( left, bottom ) and SmoM2 C/- :ChATCre +/− ( right, bottom ) versus respective controls (middle). (C) Average slope of individual best-fit performance curves for Smo L/L :ChATCre +/− and control mice ( n = 8 per genotype; Shapiro-Wilk test indicated lack of normality, p < 0.01; Mann-Whitney U test, p > 0.05). (D) Average number of days to reach criterion for Smo L/L :ChATCre +/− and control mice ( n = 8 per genotype; Brown-Forsythe test indicated unequal variances, p < 0.01; Welch-corrected unpaired two-tailed t test, ∗ p < 0.05). (E) Average slope of individual best-fit performance curves for SmoM2 C/- :ChATCre +/− and control mice ( n = 9–10 per genotype; F test indicated unequal variances, p < 0.01; Welch-corrected unpaired two-tailed t test, p > 0.05). (F) Average number of days to reach criterion for SmoM2 C/- :ChATCre +/− and control mice ( n = 9–10 per genotype; Shapiro-Wilk test indicated lack of normality, p < 0.01; Mann-Whitney U test, p > 0.05). (G) Slope comparison between control mouse strains ( n = 8–9 per strain; Shapiro-Wilk test indicated lack of normality, p < 0.01; Mann-Whitney U test, p > 0.05). (H) Best-fit slopes normalized to background strain ( n = 8–17 per genotype; Shapiro-Wilk test indicated lack of normality, p < 0.01; Kruskal-Wallis test, ∗ p < 0.05; post hoc Dunn’s multiple comparisons test: ∗ p < 0.05). (I) Average latency to fall post-criterion, normalized to background strain ( n = 8–17 per genotype; one-way ANOVA: main effect, F(2, 26) = 1.36, p > 0.05).
    Rotarod, supplied by Med Associates Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/rota-rod/Rota-Rod/pmc13104646-628-10-12
    Average 96 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    rotarod - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    96/100 stars
    		  Buy from Supplier

    Image Search Results


    Smo bidirectionally impacts motor learning (A) Structure of individual rotarod trials, performed 10 times per day. (B) Average latency to fall ( top ) and best-fit performance curves to criterion ( middle and bottom ) for Smo L/L :ChATCre +/− ( left, bottom ) and SmoM2 C/- :ChATCre +/− ( right, bottom ) versus respective controls (middle). (C) Average slope of individual best-fit performance curves for Smo L/L :ChATCre +/− and control mice ( n = 8 per genotype; Shapiro-Wilk test indicated lack of normality, p < 0.01; Mann-Whitney U test, p > 0.05). (D) Average number of days to reach criterion for Smo L/L :ChATCre +/− and control mice ( n = 8 per genotype; Brown-Forsythe test indicated unequal variances, p < 0.01; Welch-corrected unpaired two-tailed t test, ∗ p < 0.05). (E) Average slope of individual best-fit performance curves for SmoM2 C/- :ChATCre +/− and control mice ( n = 9–10 per genotype; F test indicated unequal variances, p < 0.01; Welch-corrected unpaired two-tailed t test, p > 0.05). (F) Average number of days to reach criterion for SmoM2 C/- :ChATCre +/− and control mice ( n = 9–10 per genotype; Shapiro-Wilk test indicated lack of normality, p < 0.01; Mann-Whitney U test, p > 0.05). (G) Slope comparison between control mouse strains ( n = 8–9 per strain; Shapiro-Wilk test indicated lack of normality, p < 0.01; Mann-Whitney U test, p > 0.05). (H) Best-fit slopes normalized to background strain ( n = 8–17 per genotype; Shapiro-Wilk test indicated lack of normality, p < 0.01; Kruskal-Wallis test, ∗ p < 0.05; post hoc Dunn’s multiple comparisons test: ∗ p < 0.05). (I) Average latency to fall post-criterion, normalized to background strain ( n = 8–17 per genotype; one-way ANOVA: main effect, F(2, 26) = 1.36, p > 0.05).

    Journal: iScience

    Article Title: The GPCR Smoothened on cholinergic interneurons modulates dopamine-associated acetylcholine dynamics, learning, and effort management

    doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115324

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Smo bidirectionally impacts motor learning (A) Structure of individual rotarod trials, performed 10 times per day. (B) Average latency to fall ( top ) and best-fit performance curves to criterion ( middle and bottom ) for Smo L/L :ChATCre +/− ( left, bottom ) and SmoM2 C/- :ChATCre +/− ( right, bottom ) versus respective controls (middle). (C) Average slope of individual best-fit performance curves for Smo L/L :ChATCre +/− and control mice ( n = 8 per genotype; Shapiro-Wilk test indicated lack of normality, p < 0.01; Mann-Whitney U test, p > 0.05). (D) Average number of days to reach criterion for Smo L/L :ChATCre +/− and control mice ( n = 8 per genotype; Brown-Forsythe test indicated unequal variances, p < 0.01; Welch-corrected unpaired two-tailed t test, ∗ p < 0.05). (E) Average slope of individual best-fit performance curves for SmoM2 C/- :ChATCre +/− and control mice ( n = 9–10 per genotype; F test indicated unequal variances, p < 0.01; Welch-corrected unpaired two-tailed t test, p > 0.05). (F) Average number of days to reach criterion for SmoM2 C/- :ChATCre +/− and control mice ( n = 9–10 per genotype; Shapiro-Wilk test indicated lack of normality, p < 0.01; Mann-Whitney U test, p > 0.05). (G) Slope comparison between control mouse strains ( n = 8–9 per strain; Shapiro-Wilk test indicated lack of normality, p < 0.01; Mann-Whitney U test, p > 0.05). (H) Best-fit slopes normalized to background strain ( n = 8–17 per genotype; Shapiro-Wilk test indicated lack of normality, p < 0.01; Kruskal-Wallis test, ∗ p < 0.05; post hoc Dunn’s multiple comparisons test: ∗ p < 0.05). (I) Average latency to fall post-criterion, normalized to background strain ( n = 8–17 per genotype; one-way ANOVA: main effect, F(2, 26) = 1.36, p > 0.05).

    Article Snippet: Trials were conducted in a room with low ambient light and noise using a five-lane mouse rotarod (ENV-574M; Med Associates) programmed to accelerate linearly from 4 to 40 RPM over 300 seconds (preset speed setting #9).

    Techniques: Control, MANN-WHITNEY, Two Tailed Test, Comparison